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Many other Scientologist-run organizations and companies belong to the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which certifies making use of Hubbard's management teachings, and distributes directories of WISE-affiliated services. WISE needs those who wish to end up being Hubbard management consults to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the campuses of the Hubbard College of Administration, which provides a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


Another widely known WISE-affiliated organization is e. Republic, a publishing business based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Government Innovation and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Government is a department of e. Republic that was established in 1999 - Scientologists sign up. Web ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.


This area requires expansion. You can help by adding to it. In order to help with the continued growth of Scientology, the Church has actually made efforts to win allies in the form of powerful or respected individuals. Though it has actually achieved some credibility as a religion in lots of nations, Scientology has actually likewise been explained as both a cult and a company.

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For instance, it has actually been kept in mind to participate in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by identifying as Fair Game people it views as its opponents. In 1979, a number of Scientology members were founded guilty for their participation in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were also convicted of fraud, murder and damaging witnesses in French cases, harmful libel against lawyer Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religions in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner specifies that Scientology's "high level of exposure" may be perceived as "threatening to developed social institutions".


From 1952 up until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS became the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was incorporated in California on February 18, 1954, altering its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the IRS removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were industrial and operated for the advantage of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, but its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany click over here now (1970 ).




Centers of Scientology remained in 52 countries by the time the 80s can be found in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost repeatedly for 26 years trying to regain company website its tax-exempt status. The case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had initially demandedand the IRS acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit company.




Scientology mentions its tax exemption as evidence the United States government accepts it as a religion. In January 2009, elimination of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in products for the inbound Barack Obama administration to examine, as determined in a web poll run by the governmental transition group obtaining public input for the incoming administration. define scientology.

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State Department has actually slammed Western European countries for discrimination versus Scientologists in its released yearly International Religious Flexibility report, based upon the International Religious Liberty Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is treated legally as a company, and not as a religious beliefs or charitable company. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was approved a tax-exemption for the 10% license costs sent to the US. The word Scientology (and numerous related terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up hallmark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a difficult line on individuals and groups who try to utilize it in methods unaffiliated with the main Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard appointed Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of particular elements of legal security for the CoS in 1968 and the Workplace of The Guardian was produced with its head office situated at Saint Hill Manor. Under The Guardian's Office (later on relabelled the Workplace of Special Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later organized and committed one of the largest penetration of United States federal firms ever committed by a company not connected with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).




In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The crime devoted by these accuseds is of a breadth click over here and scope previously unheard of. No structure, office, desk, or file was safe from their sleuthing and prying. No individual or organization was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has also in the past used aggressive tactics in resolving those it sees as attempting to reduce them, known as Suppressive Persons (SPs) initially detailed by Hubbard as part of a policy called reasonable game. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its creator.


Using blank paper known to have actually been managed by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb dangers in her name. When fingerprints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which could have sent Cooper to jail for a prolonged term. The Church's strategy was discovered at the very same time as its Operation Snow White actions were exposed.